THE DISPERSIBILITY OF CELLULOSE I AND CELLULOSE II BY TEMPO-MEDIATED OXIDATION

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Published: Apr 22, 2024
Keywords:
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical Bioresource based products Carboxyl groups Cellulose solubility Crystallinity Dissolution

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Nursyamimi Ahmad Ghazali
Bioresource and Biorefinery, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
Kushairi Mohd Salleh
Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
Nur Fathihah Jafri
Bioresource and Biorefinery, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Malaysia.
Khairunnisa Atiqah Mohamad Khalid
Bioresource and Biorefinery, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
Sarani Zakaria
Bioresource and Biorefinery, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
Nurul Husna Ab Halim
Bioresource and Biorefinery, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Malaysia

Abstract

Background: The restricted dispersibility of cellulose in water has grown to be a significant problem which is a key step in making cellulose soluble in water and common solvent. To overcome the obstacle, cellulose structure is being modified to improve the surface properties and the utilization of the cellulose itself. In this study, cellulose I and cellulose II were examined after treated with water-soluble 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical (TEMPO). The hydrogen bond between chains and the crystallinity of the cotton linter (cellulose I) was first broken by NaOH/urea treatment. Then, cellulose I and NaOH/urea-treated cellulose (cellulose II) were oxidized with sodium chlorite, sodium bromide, and TEMPO in a catalytic amount.


Results: The success of oxidation is revealed when both cellulose I and II treated with TEMPO had preferentially converted the hydroxyl groups to carboxylate groups through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). Besides, through X-ray diffraction analysis, cellulose I and II exhibited a decreased in the crystallinity. All samples were examined by thermogravimetric analysis, dispersion analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy.


Conclusion: The result showed, cellulose has been successfully modified using TEMPO-mediated oxidation with improved dispersion properties. The scattered structure revealed through morphology analysis proved that cellulose treated with TEMPO had resulted in a more dispersed and separated cellulose fibre structure. High cellulose dispersion ability will allow the manufacturing process of hydrogel, film and fibre to be much easier and faster. This is necessary for creating novel, environmentally friendly materials for various applications across numerous industries and future research anticipated to increase.


 

Article Details

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Vol. 30 No. 1 (2024):
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